أبّ 'BB [√’b] to break forth, spring, shine, grow, move suddenly up (to rise) and down (decline, prone), twist, flutter, move, agitate, make bubble and flow, hit and shout out. BC: هب, هف, عب, عف, وب, قب; تب, دف, ذف, طف; خف, نف. u هفّ
(1) أَبَّ ’abba to move حَرَّكَ L, cf. هَبَّ habba to run, to move suddenly; to blow (of wind); هَفَّ haffa to move or proceed suddenly أَسرع في سيره, هَفهَفَ hafhafa to move حَرَّكَ. u هفّ
(2) أَباب ’abāb water ماء, mirage سَراب; cf. حَبَاب habāb great water مُعظَمُ الماء, foam or bubble طرائق الماء T; cf. هَبهَاب habhāb mirage سَراب T,
أُباب’obāb flood, an enormous flowing wave مُعظَمُ السَيلِ, undulation مَوج; cf. عُباب ‘obāb torrent مُعظَمُ السَيلِ, waves كثرة الموج; cf. عُبُب, and يَعْبوب a torrential stream النهر الشديد الجري L, cf. followings and see below:
Eth. አበቢ፡ ’ababi flow, wave [fluctus, unda]; also as አባዊ፡ ’abbāwi; cf. Amh. አባይ፡ ’abayə the Abyssinian Nile, the Blue River
OBab. abūbu [𒌑.𒊒 ú-ru 𒍍 URU×UD : 𒀀.𒁍.𒁍 a-bu-bu; 𒀀.𒈣.𒊒 A.MA.RU] 1. flood, deluge esp. as cosmic event ''the Flood''; 2. the Deluge personified as the ultimate of wrath, aggressiveness, and destructiveness; name of a monster; 3. devastating flood; > MBab, NBab. abūbāniš like a flood, Gelb CAD 1:76ff; Black CDA 3. also 𒀀.𒈣.𒌅 A.MA.TU literally means: 𒀀 water, 𒈣 into the ship, 𒌅 penetrating [Wasser in das Schiff eindringend], Strassmaier AAW 12f; [eau, entrer, bateau] Fossey SC
Also cf. Ass. amaru [𒀀.𒈠.𒊒 A.MA.RU: a-ma-ru] (destructive) flood; emergency; cf. 𒀀 A: a water; 𒈠 MA: ma land, earth. Hommel (Babyl. Urspr. d. ägypt. Kultur 21) reads abūbu as apūpu stormflood, whirlwind, cyclone [Flutsturm, Wirbelsturm] from Egy. εapēp dragon [Drachen], Perh. from < Egy. below, Muss-Arnolt CDA 5;
Egy.
Dem. apap the Apophis-snake [die Apophis-Schlage] Černý CED 15. > Cop. avwv afof, (pl. avovi, avopi) giant, Crum CD 21b. perh. related to aAp something bad or evil [quelque chose de mauvaise], or apj to fly [fliegen; voler (dit d'un oiseau, l'âme d'un dieu, du soleil ailé)], so aApp seems to be a nomen actoris meaning: planisher, glider [planeur, volatile], Vycichl DÉC 19f. also cf. āap to fly, Budge compares it with Heb. עוּף, Budge EHD 111.
Addî-Shir mentions the origin of أَباب as: arabicized of Pers. آب āb water معرب آب و هو الماء; also he compares it with Skt. ap, Kurd. آو āw or āv, and also Fr. eau;❷ or from Eth. ababi meaning wave أو مأخوذ عن الحبشي و معناه الموج, Addî-Shir AMF 6.
According to some Ar. classical lexicons: the ع in عُباب has been changed into أ in أباب saying: أنَّ همزتها بدلٌ من العینِ; and also some mentions: أُبابُ الماءِ عُبابُه; but Ibn-Jannî ابن جنّی, refuses this derivation saying: لیست الهمزة فیه بدلاً من عین عُباب, and he suggests that أُباب is in measure فُعَالٌ and from أَبَّ meaning تَهَیَّأَ to be prepared L, T 2:8. ❸
Landberg refuses the Pers. origin suggested by Addî-Shir for أَباب, but confirms the proposed Eth. origin mentioned by him; He also refuses the Ibn-Jannî's suggested derivation of أُباب from أَبَّ [ce qui est faux, mais il ne pouvait mieux savoir]; and he confirms the weakening of ع to أ influenced by a South Arabian origin; also he points to archaism of this common word in Sem. languages [C'est un des plus anciens mots du fonds sémitique commun], Landberg GD 2.
Leslau, however, mentions Ar. أُباب as a Sem. cognate for Eth. ’ababi; although he says: but [Eth. ’ababi] is perh. borrowed from Ar. أُباب, Leslau CDG 2.
Also cf:
Strassmaier compares Ar. أُباب fluxus ingens, أَباب aqua, عُباب elata pars fluctus with Heb. עָב, Cha. עֵיבָא cloud [Wolke], Strassmaier AAW 13. Heb. עָב (thick) dark cloud; Cha. עֵיבָא thickness, darkness; cloud, Jastrow DTT 1034, 1065. Also cf. Ar. یعبوب cloud سحاب. For עָב cloud [√עוב], עָב thicket [√עבה], Klein CEH 461, compare أبأ. ❹
(3) أَبَّ ’abba to long, yearn (for one's homeland) نَزَعَ، اِشتاقَ (الی وطنه) L, Lane AEL 3f. cf. حَبَّ Ħabba to love, like: حُبُّ الوطن patriotism, Cowan WAD 151.
Etymologically, it is related to أبی ’abā to refuse, reject, cf. أَبَّ and أَبَی with عَفَّ ‘affa and عَفا (عفو) ‘afā to abstain;
Also: أَبَّ may be directly related to هَوی to desire, and أَبَه ’abaha to pay attention.
Egy. abeb, abebu to love, to wish for, to desire, to long for;
Cop. for ebi/n a wretched or poor person, Černý CED 15, and for its relationship to Heb. אָבָה and Ar. أَبيان 'abyān see Vycichl DÉC 38.
Heb. אבה to want, be willing, consent, cf. Ar. أَبَیَ 'abaya he refused,
According to Nöldeke Heb. אבה also had mostly a negative meaning and the negative particle א was only added for the sake of emphasis. W.M. Müller compares Egy. ’aj, which means both to want, wish, and to refuse. The sense development of this Egyptian verb seems to have been: he wanted,> he wanted forcefully,> he refused energetically; also cf. Heb. נכר 1. to ignore, to treat or regard as a stranger; 2. to regard, to recognize. According to several scholars the original meaning of נכר would have been to regard as something strange, i.e. to regard intently, Klein CEH 1,461; Gesenius THC 6. ❺ u أبی
(4) أَبَّ ’abba to be prepared تَهَيَّأَ, to be equipped تَجَهَّزَ; also:
أَبَّ ’abba to be prepared to assault هزم بحَمْلةِ L; cf. هَبَّ to be prepared; to assault; cf. وَبَّ to assault هَجَمَ; also cf. عَبأ ‛aba’a or عَبو to prepare; to mobilize (an army), Cowan WAD 585,589.
أَبَّ also is perh. related to the family of تَبَّ tabba to stabilize; and also to perish, cf. دَفَّ daffa to be equipped, e.g. دافَفَ, and also to be prepared to assault, e.g. الدّافَّة; also cf. ذَفَّ δaffa to finish off, destroy أجهَزَ; also cf. طَفَّ ţaffa, and طَفِقَ ţafiqa.
(5) أَبَّ ’abba to send back, put back, lay back, as in أَبَّ يدَه إِلى سَيْفهِ he put back his hand on his sword to take it رَدَّها إليْه ليَسْتَلَّه L; perh. related to أوب, آبَ ’āba to return, also آبَ بـِ to catch. u أوب
(6) أَبَّ ’abba to become rightly directed اسْتَقامَت طَريقَتُه; is synonymous to قَصَدَ to intend,
And قَصَدَ also means: اسْتَقامَت طَريقَتُه his way, or course, became rightly directed, or ordered, Lane AEL 3.
Also cf. تَبَّ tabba and دَفَّ daffa meaning: a soft course and easy progression السِّير اللَّيِّن; hence: قَصَدَ may mean to travel through a shortcut,
Hence cf. قَصَرَ to shorten, and قَصَّ to cut; so in this meaning, أَبَّ may be related to the family of تَبَّ, cf. بَتَّ batta, بَتَرَ batara, بَتَلَ batala, بَتَكَ bataka, بَلَتَ balata, تَلْب talb, as تلأب tal'aba in اتلأَبَ الطَّريق the road was straightened and extended استقام و امتدّ; and also cf. هتب hataba, هدب hadaba, هذب haδaba, شذب šaδaba; زعب za‛aba; also cf. قَبَّ qabba to cut. ► بتّ
(7) أَبٌّ ’abb pasture, herbage, grass, plants الكَلأُ، الـمَرْعَى، الخَضِرُ L, ﴿و فاكِهةً و أَبّاً﴾ Q, cf. حَبُّ Ħabb grain, cereal(s), seed(s), crop الزَرع; also cf. نَفَّ naffa to sow بَذَرَ whence: نَبَتَ nabata to grow; to sprout (of plant).
Jeffery says: It occurs only in an early Meccan passage describing the good things God has caused to grow on the earth by sending down rain. The early authorities in Islam were puzzled by the word and some of them quotes for its being a foreign word meaning grass in the language of أهل المغرب, by which, he means the Berber tongue. There can be little doubt that it is the Aram
Amh. አበባ᎓ abäba bloom, blossom, flower [flos], Isenberg DAL 123. Perh. > Eth. አበባ᎓ ’ababā perfume, sweet odor; or could it be borrowed from Cushitic: Qemant abäb to perfume the milk jar with the smoke of sweet-smelling herbs, Leslau CDG 2.
Sam. bIbA ’byb, bobA ’b‛b the beard of an ear of grain; a harvest [arista], Gesenius THC 4.
ESyr. ܐܰܒܳ ’abā or ܐܰܒ̱ܒܳ ’abbā, pl. ܐܶܒܷ̈ܐ , ܐܶܒܴ̈ܢܶܐ and ܐܶܒ̱̈ܒܳܢܶܐ [root: Cha. to grow up] cf. ܐܶܒܳܐ ’ebā’ or ܐܶܒ̱ܒܳܐ ’ebbā’ to produce of the earth, esp. fruit; also cf. ܗܰܒܳܒܳܐ habābā’ a flower, blossom [flos; quicquid terra producit], Payne Smith CSD 2,99; Payne Smith TS 6f.
Cha. אֲבַב ’ăvav to grow, ripen; > אִיבָּא and אִיבְבָּא fruit, grain; rice [Reis, Frucht, Getreide], Levy CWT 1:2f.
Heb. אָבַב ’āvav [√אב, fresh, bright; also to be thick, to be heavy, to press; to surround; to twist; to be warm, glow; to swell, break forth, spread];
אֵב ’ev, אֵיב ’eyv (אוֹב) freshness, fresh green; (pl.) the young shoots of a tree .: while it (the grass) is yet in its greenness i.e. is still verdant, flourishing, cf. أبٌّ green fodder; state of growth, development, Jastrow DTT 2. Perh. is borrowed by >
jBab. ababu [𒀀.𒁀.𒁀 a-ba-ba (a-ba-bu) = 𒆠.𒅖.𒌈 kţ-iš-tum] a synonym for "forest"; Heb. or Aram
Some authors compare אִבָּא’ibbā’ thicket, woods, grow; fruit, with √אנב spring, cf. Ass. inbu fruit, Aram
It seems that أَبَّ is from Ass. ’BB to be or become bright, shining and clear [√אבב, hell, glänzend und rein sein oder werden], Delitzsch AHW 4f, Brown HEL 1; cf. هَبْهَبَ habhaba to shine (of stars), and هَفَّ haffa as in هَفَّاف shining بَرَّاق; for relationship of shining with plant and green fodder, compare بَرَقَ to shine with وَرَق leaf and يَرَقَ to grow green or yellow.
(8) أَبِيب ’abīb This word is absent in the Ar. classical lexicons; MAr. name of the 11th month of the Egyptians الشهر الحادي عشر من السنة القبطي; cf. عَبِيبَة ‛abībah means: رِمْثُ pasture for camels مَرعي لِلإِبل T 3:303.
Eth. አቢብ፡ ’abibә [< أبِیب , ep/p or epiv] name of the 11th month of the Egyptians [nomen mensis Aegyptiorum undecimi (Julius)], Dillmann LAL 758.
Copt. ep/p, epeip name of 11th month, Epiphi, variants: ep/v, epeiv, epeivi [< Grk. Ἐπῖφι, Ἐπείφ, Ἐπηφι], Crum CD 27b; Vycichl DÉC 45.
Egy.
Also cf. Sam. hbyba ’bybh Nisan month [mensis Nisan], Castell LH 3.
Heb. אָבִיב 'āvīv ('āvīv) early stage of ripening, esp. of grains, fresh and young ears of barley; season of beginning barley-crop, month of ear-forming [Aehre], or of growing green, Abib, (the first month = April); also the offering of the first fruit; for proper names cf. אָבִיב תֵל, تَلُّ أَبِيب, Jastrow DTT 5;
Hence Abib: (month of) young ears of barley, Cheyne EB 13; historical changes in the meaning of אָבִיב: BHeb. young ears of corn; MHeb. the season of spring; NHeb. spring of life, youth, Klein CEH 2.
Cha. אָבִיב 'āvīv, אָבִיבָא 'āvīvā', אַבִּיב 'abīv same as prev. [Getreide], .: the season of ripening has not yet come, Jastrow DTT 5; also cf. Strassmaier AAW 13.
This word is present in the Ar. classical lexicons, as the infinitive of verb perf. أَبَّ [see أبّ (4)], imperf. يَئِبُّ and يَؤُبُّ, infinitives: أَبّاً, أَبابةً, and أَبِيباً L.
It is related to Ar. أبّ (7) pasture, Klein CEH 2.❻
(9) تَأَبَّبَ ta’abbaba to be surprised تَعَجَّبَ, to boast تَبَجَّحَ T.
Perh. related to أبأ or أبی: Heb. אבה to be inclined, willing, prone, to wish, cf. أَبَّ (3) to long for, so مَالَ to prone, عَطَفَ to be inclined, also the head (of a reed) being bowed down (as in أَباءَة), Gesenius HCL 6, whence cf. حَبَذَ Ħabaδa, حَمَدَ Ħamada, also مَدَحَ madaĦa, and هَتَفَ hatafa, (and perh. عظم in this meaning), all meaning: to praise, extol;
The cognates for the meaning of to fall down or bow (head) down or to boast, cf. هَبَطَ habaţa, هَبَتَ habata, خَفَتَ Ĥafata, خَفَضَ Ĥafaża, حَدَبَ Ħadaba, عَطَفَ ‛aţafa, عَصَفَ ‛aÜafa; also وطی waţaya.
(10) أَبَّبَ ’abbaba to cry, shout; crow صاحَ T;
It seems to be imitative and onomatopoeic, such as بَبَّ babba in بَبَّة imitating infant's speech (of papa or pappa) حكاية صوت صبيّ; بأبّ in بَأْبَبَة roaring هدير الفحلِ, and perh. بَأْبَأَ ba’ba’a to say papa; cf. هَبّ habb roaring هدير الفحل, and also هَبَبَ به hababa to challenge to a fight (perh. by shouting, inviting or bragging for the rival) دَعاهُ لِیَنزُوَ;
Other cognates: قَبَّ القوم qabba to shout in quarrel رفعوا اصواتهم في الخصومة, قَبْقَبَ qabqaba to roar هَدَرَ, بَهْبَهَ bahbaha, بَخْبَخَ baĤbaĤa.
Perh. هَبَّ and قَبَّ are related to family تَبَّ, whence دَفَّ daffa may mean: to hit something to make noise: دَفَّة tambourin. cf:
Eth. የበበ፡ yababa, yabbaba and also በበየ፡ babaya to jubilate, exult, make a joyful noise, to sound the trumpet [jubilare, laetum clamorem edere, ovare], Dillmann LAL 516,1072.
Syr. ܝܒ √YB Pael. ܝܰܒܶܒ yabeb to make a joyful noise [clamorem laetum fecit] 1. sound a trumpet, blow a horn, 2. to shout; to howl as the wind, Payne Smith CSD 185; Payne Smith TS 1537.
Cha. יְבַב yəvav Pa. יַבֵּב yabev 1) to sound an alarm. 2) to dash waves against one another. Ithpa. to shout. BHeb. יָבַב yāvav [to break forth] Pi. יִבֵּב yibev to speak in a trembling voice, to lament, to cry, Jastrow DTT 560; Klein CEH 253.
Mand. ybb groan, whistle, Leslau CDG 625.
(11) استَأْبَبَ ista’baba to adopt someone as a father اتَّخِذ أباً T, also as اسْتَئِبَّ the same L. For أَبٌ ’ab father u أبو.
In addition to the suggested origins for أَبٌ (see under أبو), the existence of اسْتَأْبَبَ may confirm the postulation of the bilateral origin of أَبٌ as ’ab (or ’abb) as an imitation of infant's speech, cf. others and Nöldeke ZDMG x1,737. But this suggestion may be weakened if the verb اسْتَأْبَبَ is a denominative of a dialectal variant of أَبٌ; Lane says: أَبٌّ ’abb is a dialectal variation of the أَبٌ ’ab, [the second letter being doubled to compensate for the و suppressed, as is the case in أَخٌّ ’aĤĤ, (comparing أَخٌ ’aĤ)], but is rare. According to the dialect commonly obtaining, when you use it as a prefixed noun, you decline it with the letters و , ا and ي, saying: هذا أبوهُ This is his father, رأيتُ أباهُ I saw his father, and مَرَتُ بَأبِيهِ I passed by his father, Lane AEL 10.
So according to the latter explanations, it can hardly accept أَبٌ as أَبٌّ, and أبو seems more agreeable.
❶ Sum. uru [𒌸 URU×A: uru18; 𒍍 URU×UD: uru2 ; 𒋽 TE@g: uru5] flood, PSD.
❷ IE. *āp- water, stream [Wasser, Fluß], Pokorny IEW 51f; Skt. Ap ap, Aaps āpas water [Wasser], Monier-Williams SED 48,123; Av. SfA āfš, s. acc. mepA āpəm, water [Wasser], Bartholomae AIW 325; Lat. amnis river [Fluß] perh. < ab-nis, Walde LEW 35f.
❸ So, considering that: أُباب, حَباب, and عُباب, meaning great, torrential and flowing waves, we may relate them to: أبّ (1) to move, هبّ to move suddenly, to rise, عبّ (as in عُباب السِّيل) denotes the volume, elevation and splashing noise of the torrent, also cf. عَبَّ to quaff, drink up, gulp down شُرْبُ الماء من غير مَصّ.
❹ For أَباب ’abāb water, also cf. Sum. a'abak [𒀀.𒀊.𒁀 A.AB.BA: a-ab-ba] sea (water); ab [𒀊 AB: ab] sea > Akk. tâmtu sea; Sum. AB may be compared Ar. يَم sea.
❺ For أَبَّ ’abba to long, cf. kindred forms of Heb. אָבָה as: אָוָה, יָאַב, תָּאַב, also אָהַב, חָבַב, Gesenius HCL 6; also cf. Lat. aveo to wish, desire, long for, Lewis Short LD 213f; IE. *aŭ- to wish, long for [gern haben, verlangen], Pokorny IEW 77f; Skt. Av\ av-, ávati he longs for [verlangt, begünstigt], Monier-Williams SED 87; Av. itiava avaiti he cares, helps [sorgt, hilft], Bartholomae AIW 162.
❻ It is comparable to رَبِيعَة rabi‛ah meadow, (cf. ربيع spring), and perh. a cognate for أبّ 'B(B), consider عبر ‛B-r, cf. عُبَيْراء ‛obayrā' a kind of plant نَبتٌ L, and after metathesis: ربع r-B‛.
